What fundamental concept does phonics rely on?

Phonics is fundamentally based on the concept of decoding written language into sounds. This approach teaches learners how to connect the sounds of spoken language (phonemes) with the letters or groups of letters that represent those sounds (graphemes) in written language. By understanding these relationships, students can read words by sounding them out, enabling them to decode unfamiliar words, which is essential for developing reading skills.

The emphasis on decoding is crucial because it provides a systematic method for students to understand and read new words independently, which empowers them in their literacy journey. In contrast, understanding narrative structure, recognizing grammatical rules, and memorizing sight words are all valuable aspects of language and literacy but do not fundamentally capture the core purpose of phonics instruction, which is to facilitate the ability to read through sound-letter associations.